Contents
XIII
19.2
Phospholipids and Glycosphingolipids in
Clinical Medicine
406
Pulmonary Surfactant Metabolism and
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
406
Biochemical Determinants of Fetal Lung
Maturity
408
Catabolism and Storage Disorders of
Sphingolipids
409
Alterations in Cell Surface
Glycosphingolipids
414
19.3
Cholesterol
414
Conversion of Acetyl-CoA to HMG-CoA
415
Conversion of HMG-CoA to
Mevalonate
416
Conversion of Mevalonate to Isoprenyl
Pyrophosphate
419
Condensation of Isoprenyl Pyrophosphate to
Form Squalene
420
Conversion of Squalene to Lanosterol
420
Conversion of Lanosterol to Cholesterol
421
Utilization of Cholesterol
421
19.4
Bile Acids
423
Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis
424
Disposition of Bile Acids in the Intestines and
Their Enterohepatic Circulation
425
Bile Acid Metabolism and Clinical
Medicine
426
Supplemental Readings
and References
427
CHAPTER
20
Lipids III: Plasma Lipoproteins
20.1
Structure and Composition
429
20.2
Metabolism
433
Chylomicrons
434
Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins
435
Low-Density Lipoproteins
437
High-Density Lipoproteins
438
20.3
Lipoprotein-Associated Disorders
440
Hyperlipidemias
440
Hypertriacylglycerolemias
440
Hypercholesterolemias
441
Hypolipidemias
442
Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease
444
Lipid-Lowering Methods
448
Supplemental Readings
and References
450
CHAPTER
21
Muscle and Nonmuscle Contractile
Systems
21.1
Muscle Systems
454
Structure and Development of
Skeletal Muscle
454
Myofibrils
457
Thin Myofilaments
458
Thick Myofilaments
460
Organization and Properties of
Muscle Fibers
462
Contractile Properties
462
pH Dependence of Myosin ATPase
Activity
462
Metabolic Profile
463
Multigene Families Encode Muscle
Proteins
463
21.2
Mechanism of Muscle Contraction:
Overview
464
Mechanism of Contraction:
Excitation/Contraction Coupling
464
Mechanism of Contraction: Activation of
Contraction
466
Mechanism of Contraction: Cross-Bridge
Cycling
466
21.3
Energy Supply in Muscle
468
Phosphocreatine Shuttle
471
Regulation of Smooth and Cardiac
Muscle
472
